Generating distance bands

ABSTRACT

Computer-implemented systems and computer-readable media for generating distance bands on a map to identify areas of outbound roaming on a wireless network are disclosed. A roaming-network event record listing roaming events for subscribers of a home network is received. A home-network event record listing network events on a home network is also received. The two records are correlated to identify roaming events and network events having matching caller identifiers and time stamps within a predetermined range. Location data of a network event is adopted as location data for a matching roaming event. A home-network wireless-communications antenna having a service area in which a concentration of roaming events have occurred is identified. The distance of the roaming events from the antenna is determined and distance bands corresponding to that distance are plotted on a map to aid in identifying locations at which outbound roaming has occurred.

BACKGROUND

Roaming occurs in a wireless network when a mobile device, such as awireless phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), or other wirelessdevice connects to a network other than that to which it is subscribed.Many wireless-network providers have contracted with each other to allowcustomers of a first network to use the services of a second network fora fee. By such agreements, the wireless-network providers pay each otherfor their subscribers' usage of other wireless networks.

By negotiating agreements with other wireless networks providers asingle provider is able to offer continuity of service over a largerarea without having to build out its own wireless network. A providermay thus, weigh the costs of paying roaming fees to other providersversus costs such as building out new wireless antennas and towers.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to systems andcomputer-readable media for generating distance bands to aid in locatingareas in which outbound roaming has occurred within awireless-communications network. The location of callers making outboundroaming events is first identified by comparing a roaming-network eventrecord to a home-network event record. Home-network antennas areidentified that service areas in which the outbound roaming events weremade. The distance from the roaming event location to a respectivehome-network tower is determined and distance bands are generatedtherefrom. The distance bands are plotted on a map, thereby allowingareas or specific locations of outbound roaming to be identified.

This Summary was provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This Summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used in isolation as an aid in determining the scope of the claimedsubject matter.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Illustrative embodiments of the invention are described in detail belowwith reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a wireless-network environment suitable foruse in implementing embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a wireless-network communications towerdepicting a service area of an antenna according to an embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram depicting a method for generating distancebands on a map to identify areas of outbound roaming on a wirelessnetwork according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a distance band plotted on a map accordingto an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram depicting a system for generating distancebands on a map to identify areas of outbound roaming on a wirelessnetwork according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram depicting a method for generating distancebands on a map to identify areas of outbound roaming on a wirelessnetwork according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a distance band arc polygon plotted on amap according to an embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a distance band arc polygon and additionaldata plotted on a map according to an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject matter of embodiments of the invention is described withspecificity herein to meet statutory requirements. However, theinventors have contemplated that the claimed subject matter might alsobe embodied in other ways, to include different steps or combinations ofsteps similar to the ones described in this document, in conjunctionwith other present or future technologies. Moreover, although the terms“step” and/or “block” may be used herein to connote different elementsof methods employed, the terms should not be interpreted as implying anyparticular order among or between various steps herein disclosed unlessand except when the order of individual steps is explicitly described.

Embodiments of the invention may include: a method, system, or set ofinstructions embodied on one or more computer-readable media.Computer-readable media include both volatile and nonvolatile media,removable and non-removable media, and contemplates media readable by adatabase, a switch, and various other network devices. By way ofexample, and not limitation, computer-readable media comprise mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storing information.Examples of stored information include computer-useable instructions,data structures, program modules, and other data representations. Mediaexamples include, but are not limited to information-delivery media,random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or othermemory technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digitalversatile discs (DVD), holographic media or other optical disc storage,magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, and othermagnetic storage devices. These technologies can store data momentarily,temporarily, or permanently.

Embodiments of the invention provide systems, and computer-readablemedia for generating distance bands on a map to identify areas ofoutbound roaming on a wireless-communications network. In oneembodiment, computer-readable media having computer-executableinstructions embodied thereon that, when executed, perform a method forgenerating distance bands on a map to identify areas of outbound roamingon a wireless network is described. A roaming-network event record isreceived listing roaming data for roaming events on a roaming network.The roaming data includes a first caller identifier and a first timestamp for each roaming event in the roaming-network event record. Ahome-network event record is received listing home-network data fornetwork events made on a home network. The data includes a second calleridentifier, a second time stamp and location data for each network eventin the home-network event record. Location data for the roaming eventsis determined by correlating the roaming data for the roaming eventswith the home-network data for the network events. Home-network antennashaving a concentration of roaming events within various service areasare identified. A given home-network antenna is respectively associatedwith a corresponding service area. For the service area, distancesindicating the separation that a given roaming event is from acorresponding home-network antenna is determined. A set of distancebands is determined based on the distances. The set of distance bands isplotted on a map.

In another embodiment, a system for generating distance bands on a mapto identify areas of outbound roaming on a wireless network isdescribed. The system includes a receiving component, a locationdetermining component, and a distance band generating component. Thereceiving component is configured to receive a roaming-network eventrecord and a home-network event record. The roaming-network event recordlists roaming data which is associated with outbound roaming events on aroaming network. The roaming data includes a first caller identifier anda first time stamp for each outbound roaming event in theroaming-network event record. The home-network event record listshome-network data that describes network events made on a home networkincluding a second caller identifier, a second time stamp, and locationdata for each network event in the home-network event record. Thelocation determining component is configured to determine location datafor outbound roaming event by performing a first process. The firstprocess includes identifying outbound roaming events in theroaming-network event record having a first caller identifier matching asecond caller identifier of at least one of the network events in thehome-network event record and having a first time stamp within apredetermined range of a second time stamp of the network event in thehome-network event record. The location data of the network event in thehome-network event record having a matching second caller identifier andhaving a second time stamp within the predetermined range is adopted foreach corresponding identified outbound roaming event. The distance bandgenerating component is configured to perform a second process. Thesecond process includes identify home-network antennas having aconcentration of roaming events within various service areas. A givenhome-network antenna is respectively associated with a correspondingservice area. For the given service area, the distance band generatingcomponent determines distances. Each distance indicates a separationthat a given roaming event is from a corresponding home-network antenna.A set of distance bands is determined based on the distances. The set ofdistance bands is plotted on a map.

In another embodiment, computer-readable media, havingcomputer-executable instructions embodied thereon, that when executed,perform a method for generating distance bands on a map to identifyoutbound roaming locations in a wireless network is described. Ahome-network wireless-communications antenna having a concentration ofoutbound roaming events within a respective service area is identified.An outbound roaming event occurs when a subscriber of a home networkconnects to a roaming network while within a service area of the homenetwork. Distances are determined. Each distance indicates a separationthat each of the outbound roaming events is from the home-networkwireless-communications antenna, and each distance identifies a radiusof a distance band about the home-network wireless-communicationsantenna. Distance band arc polygons in which a significant portion ofthe outbound roaming events are located are generated. A distance bandarc polygon is identified by the intersection of at least two distancebands and the service area of the home-network wireless-communicationsantenna. The distance band arc polygons are plotted on a map. Locationswithin the distance band arc polygons at which outbound roaming eventshave occurred are identified.

A roaming event or network event may be any change in the status of awireless device's connection to a wireless-communications network. Anevent may be described as a phone call, a connection to data services,or other connection to a wireless-communications network, or may beidentified as an initiation or termination of such a connection to awireless-communications network. Roaming events and network events aredescribed herein as call events created by a user making a phone callfrom a wireless phone on a wireless-communications network, but it isunderstood that any wireless-communications network event is suitablefor use in applications of embodiments of the invention. Moreover, theterms “event” and “call” are used interchangeably throughout thedescription, but such is not intended to imply any restriction on thetype of event suitable for use in embodiments of the invention.

Outbound roaming occurs when a caller subscribed to a home networkplaces a call on a network other than the home network while within anarea serviced by one or more home-network antennas. A home network, asreferred to herein, is descriptive of a wireless-communications networkto which a user is subscribed for wireless-communications service and isnot intended to imply any relation to a user's home or dwelling.Wireless network providers generally wish to eliminate outbound roaming,because the provider does not want to pay another provider for usage ofthe other's network when an event occurs within an area in which theprovider has attempted to make service available. A user having asubscription to a home network may place an outbound roaming call when,for example and not limitation, the user's wireless device cannot find ahome-network signal, a home-network signal is weak or intermittent, orthe user's wireless device does not properly search for a home-networksignal. A home-network signal might be weak or not found even within aservice area of a home-network antenna where for example, a structure,building, or feature of the landscape blocks the signal. Additionally,other signals or energies may interfere with the signal, or the numberof connections being serviced by an antenna may decrease the size of theantenna's service area, among others.

A wireless device, such as that described above, may be any wirelessphone, cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), BlackBerry®device, wireless enabled media player, or other device configured tocommunicate over a wireless network. Such communication may be voice,data, image, video, or other type of data and may utilize services andprotocols to enable short message service (SMS), text messaging, email,packet switching for Internet access, and multimedia messaging service(MMS), among others.

A wireless network may comprise any wireless-communications networkconfigured to transmit and receive wireless signals to one or morewireless devices. Communications over the wireless network may becompleted by any available standards or protocols including GlobalSystem for Mobile communications (GSM), Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS) Third Generation (3G), PersonalCommunications Service (PCS), or Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), amongothers.

Further, the wireless network antenna may communicate to wirelessdevices in simplex (or half-duplex) mode in which the communicationstravel both from the wireless device to an antenna or from the antennato the wireless device, but only in one direction at a time. Thecommunications may also utilize full-duplex mode in which communicationtravels in both directions at one time over one or more channels.

With reference initially to FIG. 1, a wireless network environment 100suitable for use in implementations of embodiments of the invention isdescribed. The wireless network environment 100 may comprise anygeographic area in which wireless network communications are provided.The environment 100 includes a plurality of home-network towers 102,104, 106, and 108 as well as a plurality of roaming-network towers 102,110 and 112. A home-network tower 102, 104, 106, and 108 generallycomprises a tower having one or more wireless network antennas mountedthereon, but may also comprise any location at which a wireless networkantenna for a home network is located. Such locations may includebuildings, skyscrapers, bridges, church steeples, mountains, andhillsides, among other structures on which an antenna may be mounted.Similarly, a roaming-network tower 102, 110, and 112 generally comprisesa tower having one or more roaming-network antennas mounted thereon, butmay also comprise any other structure described above for home-networktowers 102-108. Additionally, as depicted by home-network tower 102 androaming-network tower 102, antennas for more than one network can bemounted on a single tower or at a single location.

Each home-network tower 102-108 has three antennas mounted thereon thateach designate a sector A, B, or C about the tower. Each roaming-networktower 102, 110-112 also has three antennas mounted thereon that eachdesignate a sector X, Y, or Z. In embodiments, a home-network tower or aroaming-network tower may have more or fewer than three antennas mountedthereon. The antennas comprise transmitters, receivers, transceivers, orany other available antenna technology for transmitting and receivingradio frequency (RF) signals or any other signal employable in awireless network communications network. The antennas, and anycorresponding subsystems, may operate on single or multiple channels,may be trunked, multiplexed, or utilize any other available systems,protocols, or logic necessary for providing wireless networkcommunications.

With additional reference to FIG. 2, illustrating a wireless networkcommunications tower 202, sectors 204, 206, and 208, each generallydepict the direction in which a corresponding antenna is aimed. Themounting of the antennas on the tower 202 and RF shielding around theantennas can be used to aim and adjust the size and location of an areaserved by an antenna, among other methods. The service area 210 of anantenna may be viewed generally as extending radially outward from thepie shaped wedge depicting the sector 204. In practice, the RF energyfrom the antenna 102 extends in a more ambiguous form, as depicted by aservice area 212, and may change, grow, or retract as more or fewercallers connect thereto.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a flow diagram depicting a method forgenerating distance bands on a map to identify areas of outbound roamingon a wireless network according to an embodiment of the invention isdescribed. A roaming-network event record (hereinafter also referred toas “roaming record”) is received, at 302. A roaming record comprises alist of a plurality of roaming events on a roaming network by callerssubscribed to a home network (hereinafter “roaming events”) as shown forexample in Table 1. The record includes roaming data for each roamingevent including at least a unique caller identifier and a time stamp.The unique caller identifier comprises any indicia that is useable toidentify the caller such as, for example and not limitation, a mobiledirectory number (MDN), a network address identifier (NAI), or a mobilestation identification (MSID). The time stamp includes any indication ofone or more of an event start time, an event end time, and an eventduration. In an embodiment, the roaming record is a call detail record(CDR) generated by the roaming-network provider and is communicated tothe home-network provider for billing purposes.

TABLE 1 Roaming-network event record: Caller ID (MDN) Date Event StartTime Event End Time (999) 999-9999 01/05/09 08:25:36 08:27:32 (888)888-8888 01/05/09 14:22:21 14:22:55 (999) 999-9999 01/05/09 15:25:5517:35:58 (777) 777-7777 01/06/09 10:44:26 10:47:56 (666) 666-666601/06/09 11:46:38 12:48:28 (555) 555-5555 01/06/09 20:41:55 20:43:20(999) 999-9999 01/06/09 04:58:11 04:58:59 (999) 999-9999 01/06/0908:51:34 08:15:22 (555) 555-5555 01/06/09 20:21:52 22:24:52 (888)888-8888 01/07/09 12:00:01 01:05:55

A home-network event record is received, at 304. The home-network eventrecord (hereinafter also referred to as “network record”) comprises alist of a plurality of home-network events created by subscribers on thehome network (hereinafter “network events”). The record includes atleast a unique caller identifier, a time stamp, and location data foreach event, as depicted in Table 2. In an embodiment, the home-networkevent record is a per call measurement data record (PCMD).

TABLE 2 Home-network event record: Event Start Event End Location CallerID (MDN) Date Time Time (Tower:Sector) (999) 999-9999 01/05/09 08:28:3609:58:16 144:A (888) 888-8888 01/05/09 15:32:21 16:37:27 521:C (666)666-6666 01/05/09 14:26:55 16:22:15 111:A (333) 333-3333 01/05/0903:41:26 03:55:53 113:B (999) 999-9999 01/05/09 12:43:38 12:46:58 113:B(777) 777-7777 01/06/09 22:42:55 22:52:57 521:A (444) 444-4444 01/06/0906:54:11 06:57:14 677:A (555) 555-5555 01/06/09 19:40:23 20:18:43 677:A(555) 555-5555 01/06/09 22:32:52 22:56:15 321:A (888) 888-8888 01/07/0901:14:01 01:27:12 924:C

As described above with respect to the roaming record, the unique calleridentifier comprises any indicia useable to identify the caller, and thetime stamp indicates one or more of an event start time, an event endtime, and an event duration. The location data comprises any dataindicating the location of the caller when the call was connected,during the event, and/or when the event ended. The location data mayinclude an indication of a tower, sector, or antenna to which thecaller's wireless device was connected, a distance from said tower orantenna, a longitude, a latitude, a round trip delay measurement, or anyother indication of the callers location.

At 306, location data is determined for one or more roaming events bycorrelating the roaming data in the roaming record with the home-networkdata in the network record. In an embodiment, the roaming data arecompared with the home-network data to identify events made by the samecaller. For example, the events can be matched up or sorted by uniquecaller identifier. In an embodiment, all events in the roaming recordand network record that are not matched are removed from furtherprocessing. Roaming events that have matching caller identifiers withnetwork events are further compared by time stamps. In an embodiment,only events with matching caller identifiers and timestamps occurringwithin a predetermined range of each other are retained for furtherprocessing and are placed in a matching record. (Table 3 depicts anembodiment of a matching record having cells highlighted to depict timestamps falling within a predetermined range of ten minutes.) In anotherembodiment, if more than one network event matches with a roaming eventwithin the predetermined time range, only the network event closest intime to the roaming event is retained. The location data for the networkevent is then adopted into the matching record for the matching roamingevent, as shown in Table 4. In an embodiment, other additionalhome-network data collected in the network record are also adopted intothe roaming record for the matching roaming event.

TABLE 3 Matching Roaming Events and Network Events within 10 Minute TimeRange Event Start Event End Location Caller ID (MDN) Date Time Time(Tower:Sector) (999) 999-9999 01/05/09 08:28:36 09:58:16 144:A (999)999-9999 01/05/09 08:25:36 08:27:32 ROAM (555) 555-5555 01/06/0919:40:23 20:18:43 677:A (555) 555-5555 01/06/09 22:32:52 22:56:15 321:A(555) 555-5555 01/06/09 20:21:52 22:24:52 ROAM (888) 888-8888 01/07/0901:14:01 01:27:12 924:C (888) 888-8888 01/07/09 12:00:01 01:05:55 ROAM

Table 4 is below.

TABLE 4 Matching Record: Event Start Event End Location Caller ID (MDN)Date Time Time (Tower:Sector) (999) 999-9999 01/05/09 08:25:36 08:27:32144:A (555) 555-5555 01/06/09 20:21:52 22:24:52 677:A (888) 888-888801/07/09 12:00:01 01:05:55 924:C

The predetermined time range comprises any desired range of time betweena network event and a roaming event. For example, the predeterminedrange may be measured between a network event end and a roaming eventstart time or a roaming event end and a network event start time. In anembodiment, the predetermined time range is chosen such that a caller isnot able to travel a great distance between events. Limiting thepossible geographic distance between events increases the accuracy inadopting the network event location data for the location of a roamingevent.

In another embodiment, the predetermined time range is chosen based onthe average speed of travel of people in an area in which the networkcalls were made. For example, a predetermined time range of ten minutesmay be chosen in an area in which most people are on foot, such as acollege campus or a downtown urban area, because the callers will likelynot travel more than a mile in ten minutes. Conversely, a time range oftwo minutes may be chosen in an area including a major interstatehighway on which callers might be traveling at or above sixty-five milesan hour.

Home-network antennas are identified for each roaming event based on theadopted location data, at 308. The distance of each roaming event from arespective antenna is determined, at 310. The distance may be providedin the adopted location data in the matching record or may becalculated. In an embodiment the separation distance between a roamingevent and a respective antenna is calculated using the roundtrip delay.

The roundtrip delay is the amount of time it takes a signal to travelfrom a wireless device to an antenna and back to the wireless device insimplex mode. Knowing the speed at which the signals travel and the timerequired for the signal to make the roundtrip the roundtrip distance canbe calculated. Thus, the distance between the wireless device creatingthe roaming event and the respective antenna is half the roundtripdistance.

In embodiments, roundtrip delay is used for calculating a caller'sdistance to an antenna for simplicity, and because a caller is always incontact with at least one antenna. Other methods may require distancesand data from more than one antenna to determine a caller's location. Inanother embodiment, the location of a roaming event is found bytriangulating the location through distances from multiple antennas,among other methods. Other methods by which the distance between awireless device and a wireless network antenna may be calculated areunderstood as disclosed herein.

The distance of a roaming event from an antenna provides a radialdistance by which a circular band, or distance band can be drawn orplotted around the antenna on a map. At 312, a set of distance bands isdetermined from a plurality of distance bands generated for each of theroaming events associated with the home-network antenna. The set ofdistance bands is chosen to include a significant proportion of thedistance bands. In an embodiment, a significant proportion is astatistically significant proportion. A significant proportion mayinclude a majority of the distance bands.

At 314, the set of distance bands is plotted on a map. In an embodiment,plotting the set of distance bands is completed by generating a singledistance band having a width sufficient to encompass each of thedistance bands in the set (e.g. a wide distance band is plotted coveringan area between an inner most distance band and an outer most distanceband in the set).

FIG. 4 depicts one such embodiment in which distance bands are plottedon a map 400. As described above, a home-network tower 402 having threeantennas corresponding to three sectors 404 is identified as servicingan area in which one or more roaming events were created. The distanceof the one or more roaming events from the tower 402 is determined tolie between an inner boundary 406 and an outer boundary 408. The innerboundary 406 indicating the distance of the roaming event closest to thetower 402 and the outer boundary 406 indicating the distance of theroaming event farthest from the tower 402. The area between the innerboundary 406 and the outer boundary 408 comprises a distance band 410.In an embodiment, a statistically significant number of roaming eventsoccur within the distance band 410, as described more fully below.

By plotting distance bands for roaming events about an antenna, the areaof the map and the geographic area in which a wireless-network providermust investigate to identify causes of outbound roaming are greatlyreduced. Further, where a structure, building, or other land feature isidentified within the distance band a provider may be able to pinpoint acause of outbound roaming. In an embodiment, the distance band 410 mightbe better illustrated as having grey or fuzzy boundaries. As such, thedistance band 410 provides an estimated region in which outbound roaminghas occurred. In practice, outbound roaming events might occur withinthe distance band 410 or within close proximity thereto. Such may be aconsequence of the degree of accuracy imparted in adopting thehome-network location data as location data for roaming events and thedistance that a caller might travel between the network event and theroaming event, among other factors.

In an embodiment, the home-network antennas, or towers, identified asservicing areas in which outbound roaming events have occurred areranked based on the number of outbound roaming events occurring withinthose service areas. By doing so, a home-network provider may prioritizeefforts to reduce the number of outbound roaming events based on theevent volume at each identified antenna or tower. The home-networkantennas or towers might also be ranked on cost associated with outboundroaming among other data contained within the roaming record or networkrecord, or that is calculable therefrom.

With reference now to FIG. 5, a block diagram depicting a distance bandgeneration system 500 for generating distance bands on a map to identifyareas of outbound roaming on a wireless network is described accordingto an embodiment of the invention. The system includes a receivingcomponent 502, a location determining component 504, and a distance bandgenerating component 506. The receiving component 502 receivesroaming-network event records and home-network event records asdescribed above. The location determining component 504 determineslocation data for one or more outbound roaming events by matchingoutbound roaming events from the roaming-network event record withnetwork events of the home-network event record having the same uniquecaller identifier and having time stamps within a predetermined range.The location determining component 504 adopts the matching home-networkevent location data into the roaming-network event record for eachmatching outbound roaming event. The distance band generating component506 determines a corresponding home-network antenna for each matchedoutbound roaming event based on the adopted location data. The distanceband generating component 506 generates one or more distance bands on amap with respect to the corresponding home-network antennas. Inembodiments, the distance band generating component 506 ranks one ormore home-network antennas by the number of outbound roaming eventsoccurring in areas serviced thereby to allow a network provider toprioritize network improvements and repairs based on an outbound roamingevent volume.

In another embodiment, the distance band generating component 506 onlyplots statistically significant distance bands. To determinestatistically significant distance bands the distance band generatingcomponent 506 might use histograms and/or cumulative distributionfunctions, among others. In an embodiment, the distance band generatingcomponent 506 employs a cumulative distribution function to identifystatistically significant concentrations of outbound roaming eventsbased on their distance from a tower or antenna. Knee points (pointsalong the cumulative distribution function at which significant changesin slope or rate occur) are used to identify inner boundaries and outerboundaries of a distance band, as described above with respect to FIG.4.

Referring now to FIG. 6, a flow diagram depicting a method 600 forgenerating distance bands on a map to identify areas of outbound roamingon a wireless network according to an embodiment of the invention isdescribed. At 602, a home-network wireless-communications antenna(network antenna) is identified in which a concentration of outboundroaming events have occurred. The network antenna corresponds with acell sector indicating the service area of the antenna. In anembodiment, a cell sector in which the most outbound roaming events haveoccurred is identified. In another embodiment, the data of the matchedrecords is sorted based on location such as by city, state, or regionand a cell sector having the most outbound roaming events in a selectedcity, state, or region is identified. It is understood that numerousmethods exist for sorting the data to identify cell sectors, towers, orlocations, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

Distance bands are generated by determining the separation distance ofoutbound roaming events from the identified antenna, at 604. Distanceband arc polygons are generated from the intersection of the distancebands and an extrapolation of the cell sector (606) corresponding to theidentified antenna, as depicted in FIG. 7, described below. The distanceband arc polygons are plotted on a map, at 608, and locations ofoutbound roaming are identified, at 610.

FIG. 7 depicts a map 700 on which a home-network wireless-communicationstower 702 is located. The tower 702 has three antennas mounted thereon,each of which associated with a cell sector 704A-C. A distance band 706is plotted on the map 700 indicating a circular region around the tower702 in which outbound roaming events have occurred. As described above,cell sector 704A for example, might be identified as servicing aconcentration of outbound roaming events. Therefore, the wedge shaperepresenting the cell sector 704A is extrapolated radially outward fromthe tower 702 to identify an intersection of the cell sector 704A andthe distance band 706. The intersection forms an arc polygon 708. Thearc polygon 708 identifies a region in which the concentration ofoutbound roaming events has occurred. In an embodiment, due to thenon-uniformity of the service area of the cell sector 704A, such asdescribed previously with respect to the service area 212 of FIG. 2, anactual region may not exactly match that depicted by the arc polygon708.

With additional reference to FIG. 8, a map 800 depicts a tower 802having three cell sectors 804A-C according to another embodiment of theinvention. As described above, a distance band 806 is plotted on the map800 and an arc polygon 808 is identified by extrapolating the wedgeshape representing the cell sector 804A radially outward from the tower802. Additional data points 810 are also plotted on the map 800 to aidin identifying locations of outbound roaming within the arc polygon 808.The additional data points 810 may indicate any desired data, butpreferably represent data that might be related to network conditionscausing outbound roaming. In an embodiment, the additional data points810 comprise locations in which network events were dropped ordisconnected due to network conditions.

As shown by FIG. 8, specific locations within the arc polygon 808 may beidentified as locations where outbound roaming has occurred. Forexample, within the arc polygon 808 there is a shopping center 812,various other buildings 814, a highway 816, and a portion of aneighborhood 818, among other structures and land features. Further, inan embodiment such as depicted in FIG. 8, the additional data points 810appear to cluster around an area of the shopping center 812. Thus, awireless-network provider might conclude that the outbound roaming hasoccurred at the shopping center 812 and may send test units to theshopping center to confirm such a conclusion. For example, the providermay determine that the construction materials of the shopping center 812hinder the ability of the RF signals from the tower 802 to enter theshopping center. Thus, the provider may install one or more antennas onor inside the shopping center 812 to insure that subscribers making acall from within the structure connect to the home network and not to aroaming network.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one welladapted to attain all the ends and objects hereinabove set forthtogether with other advantages which are obvious and which are inherentto the structure.

It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are ofutility and may be employed without reference to other features andsubcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of theclaims.

Since many possible embodiments may be made of the invention withoutdeparting from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matterherein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to beinterpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

1. Non-transitory computer-readable media having computer-executableinstructions embodied thereon that, when executed, perform a method forgenerating one or more distance bands on a map to identify areas ofoutbound roaming on a wireless network, the method comprising: receivinga roaming-network event record comprising roaming data that describes aplurality of roaming events on a roaming network, wherein the roamingdata includes a first caller identifier and a first time stamp for eachroaming event in the plurality of roaming events; receiving ahome-network event record comprising home-network data that describes aplurality of network events on a home network, wherein the home-networkdata includes a second caller identifier, a second time stamp, andlocation data for each network event in the plurality of network events;determining location data for one or more roaming events by correlatingthe roaming data with the home-network data; identifying a plurality ofhome-network antennas that have a concentration of roaming events withinvarious service areas, wherein a given home-network antenna isrespectively associated with a corresponding service area; for saidgiven service area, determining a plurality of distances, wherein eachdistance in said plurality of distances indicates a separation that agiven roaming event is from a corresponding home-network antenna;determining a set of distance bands based on the plurality of distances;and plotting the set of distance bands on a map.
 2. Thecomputer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the roaming-network eventrecord and the home-network event record are one or more of a calldetail record (CDR) and a per call measurement data (PCMD) record. 3.The computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the first calleridentifier and the second caller identifier are mobile directory numbers(MDN).
 4. The computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the locationdata for each network event is described by one or more of a tower, asector, an antenna, a distance from a tower or antenna, a longitude, alatitude, and a round trip delay measurement.
 5. The computer-readablemedia of claim 1, wherein the first time stamp provided in theroaming-network event record and the second time stamp provided in thehome-network event record include one or more of an event start time, anevent end time, and an event duration.
 6. The computer-readable media ofclaim 1, wherein correlating the data associated with the plurality ofroaming events with the data associated with the plurality of networkevents further comprises: identifying one or more roaming events in theroaming-network event record having a first caller identifier matching asecond caller identifier and having a first time stamp within apredetermined range of a second time stamp of at least one of theplurality of network events in the home-network event record; andadopting for each of the one or more identified roaming events, thelocation data of a corresponding network event.
 7. The computer-readablemedia of claim 6, wherein the predetermined range is set based on theaverage speed of travel of callers in an area including the service areaof the identified home-network antenna.
 8. The computer-readable mediaof claim 1, further comprising: identifying one or more locations atwhich outbound roaming has occurred.
 9. The computer-readable media ofclaim 8, wherein one or more additional data are plotted on the map toaid in identifying locations within the one or more distance bands inwhich outbound roaming has occurred.
 10. The computer-readable media ofclaim 9, wherein the one or more additional data indicate the locationof one or more home-network events that were unintentionallydisconnected while on the home network.
 11. The computer-readable mediaof claim 1, further comprising: ranking one or more identifiedhome-network antennas based on the number of identified roaming eventsthat have occurred within the respective service area of each antenna;and prioritizing efforts to reduce the number of outbound roaming eventsbased on the ranking.
 12. A method for generating distance bands on amap to identify areas of outbound roaming on a wireless network, themethod comprising: receiving a roaming-network event record and ahome-network event record, (a) wherein the roaming-network event recordcomprises roaming data that describes a plurality of outbound roamingevents on a roaming network, the roaming data including a first calleridentifier and a first time stamp for each outbound roaming event in theplurality of outbound roaming events, and (b) wherein the home-networkevent record comprises home-network data that describes a plurality ofnetwork events on a home network, the home-network data including asecond caller identifier, a second time stamp, and location data foreach network event in the plurality of network events; identifying oneor more outbound roaming events in the roaming-network event recordhaving a first caller identifier matching a second caller identifier ofat least one of the plurality of network events and having a first timestamp within a predetermined range of a second time stamp of the atleast one of the plurality of network events, adopting for each of theone or more identified outbound roaming events, the location data of theat least one of the plurality of network events having a matching secondcaller identifier and having a second time stamp within thepredetermined range; identifying one or more home-network antennas thathave a concentration of roaming events within various service areas,wherein a given home-network antenna is respectively associated with acorresponding service area; for said given service area, determining aplurality of distances, wherein each distance in said plurality ofdistances indicates a separation that a given roaming event is from acorresponding home-network antenna; determining a set of distance bandsbased on the plurality of distances; and plotting the set of distancebands on a map.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the location datafor each network event is described by one or more of a tower, a sector,an antenna, a distance from a tower or antenna, a longitude, a latitude,and a round trip delay measurement.
 14. The method of claim 12, whereinthe predetermined range is set based on the average speed of travel ofusers in an area serviced by at least one of the home-network antennas.15. The method of claim 12, wherein one or more locations at whichoutbound roaming has occurred are identified within the one or moredistance bands.
 16. The method of claim 12, wherein an outbound roamingevent correlates to more than one network event, and wherein thelocation data of the network event having a second time stamp occurringclosest in time to the first time stamp of the outbound roaming event isadopted as the location data for the outbound roaming event.
 17. Themethod of claim 12, wherein only statistically significant distancebands are plotted on the map.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein adistance band is determined to be statistically significant byidentifying knee points in a cumulative distribution function describingthe distances of the one or more roaming events from the home-networkantenna.
 19. The method of claim 12, wherein the first time stamp andthe second time stamp are identified as being within a predeterminedtime range where: a) the first time stamp indicates a start time of anoutbound roaming event and the second time stamp indicates an end timeof a network event, or b) the first time stamp indicates an end time ofan outbound roaming event and the second time stamp indicates a starttime of a network event; and the time difference between the first timestamp and the second time stamp are within the predetermined range. 20.Non-transitory computer-readable media having computer-executableinstructions embodied thereon that, when executed, perform a method forgenerating one or more distance bands on a map to identify outboundroaming locations in a wireless network, the method comprising:identifying a home-network wireless-communications antenna that has aconcentration of outbound roaming events within a respective servicearea, wherein an outbound roaming event occurs when a subscriber of ahome network connects to a roaming network while within a service areaof the home network; determining a plurality of distances, wherein eachdistance in said plurality of distances indicates a separation that eachof the outbound roaming events is from the home-networkwireless-communications antenna, and wherein each distance in saidplurality of distances identifies a radius of a distance band about thehome-network wireless-communications antenna; generating one or moredistance band arc polygons in which a significant portion of theoutbound roaming events are located, wherein a distance band arc polygonis identified by the intersection of at least two distance bands and theservice area of the home-network wireless-communications antenna;plotting the one or more distance band arc polygons on a map; andidentifying one or more locations within the one or more distance bandarc polygons at which outbound roaming events have occurred.